From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers or AHAM represents the manufacturers of household appliances and products/services associated with household appliances sold in the United States. AHAM also develops and maintains technical standards for various appliances to provide uniform, repeatable procedures for measuring specific product characteristics and performance features.
AHAM is an ANSI accredited Standards Development Organization, and maintains several standards which are approved by ANSI through the consensus approval process. AHAM standards are also recognized by many regulatory agencies including the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Clean Air Delivery Rate seal issued by AHAM.In addition to publishing standards, AHAM also provides regular information and advocacy to members before other standards development organizations such as Underwriters Laboratories, the Canadian Standards Association, ASTM, IEC and ISO.
AHAM administers voluntary certification programs to rate appliances developed by members and non-members. Testing is conducted by third-party laboratories and, upon certification, appliances may carry the AHAM seal.
2009年1月16日星期五
Major appliance
A major appliance, or domestic appliance, is usually defined as a large machine which accomplishes some routine housekeeping task, which includes purposes such as cooking, food preservation, or cleaning, whether in a household, institutional, commercial or industrial setting. An appliance is differentiated from a plumbing fixture because it uses an energy input for its operation other than water, generally using electricity or natural gas/propane. An object run by a watermill would also be considered an appliance. The term white goods or whiteware is also used for these items, primarily where British English is spoken, although definitions for the term "white goods" can differ. In the United States, the term white goods more commonly refers to linens rather than appliances.
Major appliances are differentiated from small appliances because they are large, difficult to move, and generally fixed in place to some extent. They are often considered fixtures and part of real estate and as such they are often supplied to tenants as part of otherwise unfurnished rental properties. Another frequent characteristic of major appliances is that they may have substantial electricity requirements that necessitate special electrical wiring to supply higher current than standard electrical outlets can deliver. This limits where they can be placed in a home.
Major appliances have become more technically complex from the control side recently with the introduction of the various Energy Labelling rules across the world. This has meant that the appliances have been forced to become more and more efficient leading to more accurate controllers in order to meet the regulations.
Major appliances are differentiated from small appliances because they are large, difficult to move, and generally fixed in place to some extent. They are often considered fixtures and part of real estate and as such they are often supplied to tenants as part of otherwise unfurnished rental properties. Another frequent characteristic of major appliances is that they may have substantial electricity requirements that necessitate special electrical wiring to supply higher current than standard electrical outlets can deliver. This limits where they can be placed in a home.
Major appliances have become more technically complex from the control side recently with the introduction of the various Energy Labelling rules across the world. This has meant that the appliances have been forced to become more and more efficient leading to more accurate controllers in order to meet the regulations.
Sunbeam Products
Sunbeam Products is an American brand that has produced electric home appliances since 1910. Their products have included the Mixmaster mixer, the Sunbeam CG waffle iron, Coffeemaster (1938–1964)and the fully-automatic T20 toaster.
Sunbeam bought out the Rain King Sprinkler Company and produced one of the most popular sprinkler lines of the 1950s and 1960s. Meanwhile, Sunbeam continued to expand outside of Chicago. By the end of the 1970s, as the leading American manufacturer of small appliances, Sunbeam enjoyed about $1.3 billion in annual sales and employed nearly 30,000 people worldwide. In 1981, after Sunbeam was bought by Allegheny International Inc. of Pittsburgh, its Chicago-area factories were closed and the headquarters moved from the Chicago region.
Sunbeam went into decline through the 1990s and Albert J. Dunlap was recruited to turn the company around in 1996. In 1996 and 1997, Sunbeam reported massive increases in sales for its various backyard and kitchen items, but the sudden surge in demand for barbecues didn't hold up under scrutiny. The SEC said $60 million of Sunbeam's $189 million was the result of fraudulent accounting. The SEC suit also named a partner, Phillip Harlow, at Sunbeam's accounting firm, Arthur Andersen. Dunlap was fired, and under CEO Jerry W. Levin the company filed for bankruptcy protection in 2001. The next year it emerged as a private company under the name American Household, Inc. (AHI). Its former household products division became the subsidiary Sunbeam Products, Inc.
AHI was purchased in September 2004 by the Jarden Corporation, of which it is now a subsidiary
Sunbeam bought out the Rain King Sprinkler Company and produced one of the most popular sprinkler lines of the 1950s and 1960s. Meanwhile, Sunbeam continued to expand outside of Chicago. By the end of the 1970s, as the leading American manufacturer of small appliances, Sunbeam enjoyed about $1.3 billion in annual sales and employed nearly 30,000 people worldwide. In 1981, after Sunbeam was bought by Allegheny International Inc. of Pittsburgh, its Chicago-area factories were closed and the headquarters moved from the Chicago region.
Sunbeam went into decline through the 1990s and Albert J. Dunlap was recruited to turn the company around in 1996. In 1996 and 1997, Sunbeam reported massive increases in sales for its various backyard and kitchen items, but the sudden surge in demand for barbecues didn't hold up under scrutiny. The SEC said $60 million of Sunbeam's $189 million was the result of fraudulent accounting. The SEC suit also named a partner, Phillip Harlow, at Sunbeam's accounting firm, Arthur Andersen. Dunlap was fired, and under CEO Jerry W. Levin the company filed for bankruptcy protection in 2001. The next year it emerged as a private company under the name American Household, Inc. (AHI). Its former household products division became the subsidiary Sunbeam Products, Inc.
AHI was purchased in September 2004 by the Jarden Corporation, of which it is now a subsidiary
Indesit
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Indesit Company S.p.A.
Type Public
Founded 1975
Headquarters Fabriano (Ancona), Italy
Key people Vittorio Merloni, Chairman
Marco Milani, CEO
Products home appliances
Revenue €3.438 billion (2007)
Employees 17,300 (2007)
Website www.indesitcompany.com
Indesit Headquarters in Fabriano, Province of AnconaIndesit Company, an Italian company based in Fabriano (AN), is one of Europe’s biggest makers of home appliances.
Contents
1 Company history
2 The figures
3 Brands
4 External links
Company history
Founded by Aristide Merloni as Industrie Merloni in 1930 in Fabriano (Ancona), the business initially made balances, a market in which it had gained a 40% share by the early 1950s. Shortly afterwards it diversified into liquid gas bottles and domestic boilers. It also sold gas hobs to use with the liquid gas.
It gradually extended its range of home appliances under the Ariston brand. On the death of its founder in 1970, the company was split into three separate and independent businesses: Merloni Elettrodomestici, the former home appliances division, chaired by Vittorio Merloni, Merloni Termosanitari, headed by Francesco Merloni, and the engineering division, led by Antonio Merloni.
In 1985, Merloni Elettrodomestici acquired Indesit, its great rival on the Italian market but also having a certain international presence. Two years after this the company was listed on the stock exchange.
In February 2005, Merloni Elettrodomestici was renamed Indesit Company, Indesit being the best known of the Group’s brands outside Italy. The Company was also operating under its “historic” brand, Ariston, and the regional brands Hotpoint, Scholtes and Stinol.
At the beginning of 2007, Indesit Company launched the Group’s new brand architecture, in which Hotpoint merged with Ariston to form the Hotpoint-Ariston brand.
The figures
In 2007, Indesit Company’s share of the European “white goods” market (ovens, fridges, hobs, dishwashers and washing machines) was around 14%, with consolidated sales of over €3.4 billion and an annual production of around 16 million appliances sold in 36 countries.
It is Europe’s no. 2 producer after Electrolux.
Indesit has 17 production plants, located in Italy and other European and non-European countries, and employs over 17,000 people.
National (brand)
National was a brand used by Panasonic Corporation (formerly Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.) to sell home appliances, personal appliances, and industrial appliances and was the first name used by Konosuke Matsushita's electric firm to sell his battery-powered bicycle lamps, hoping that they would be a product used by all of Japan, hence the name "National". It was arguably the first well-known brand of Japanese electronics.
National was formerly the premier brand on most Matsushita products, including audio and video and was often combined as "National Panasonic" after the worldwide success of the Panasonic name.
After 1980 in Europe, and after 1989 in Australia & New Zealand, Matsushita ceased the usage of "National", and sold audiovisual products exclusively under the Panasonic and Technics nameplates. Perhaps due to trademark issues, Matsushita never officially used the National name in the United States, except for early imported products, but rice cookers bearing the National name, imported from Japan, can be found at many ethnic Asian markets in the United States.
National is well-known throughout Asia as a reputable manufacturer of domestic appliances, such as rice cookers and electric fans. In 2004, the "National" brand was gradually phased out in Asia, the last market it was used in, with most products being rebadged under the "Panasonic" brand due to trademark restrictions with other companies worldwide containing "National" in their name and Matsushita's desire to unify their businesses under the Panasonic name for greater recognition.
Due to its historical significance and recognition in Matsushita's native Japan, non-audiovisual Matsushita products (mostly home appliances or White goods) were branded "National" until September 2008. As of October 1, 2008, Matsushita changed its company name to Panasonic Corporation. Non-audiovisual products used be branded "National" in Japan are currently marketed under the "Panasonic" brand.
Neither National Semiconductor nor National Car Rental are related to Panasonic or the "National" brand.
National bicycles were imported into the United States under the Panasonic label. The brand was known for producing high quality cycles at a relatively low price, as the result of a very high degree of factory automation and a resultingly low labor force with attendant savings in salaries and benefits. One of their models featured the unusual Shimano front freewheel system.
Advertising campaigns
In 1960, National launched a tokusatsu series called National Kid, in a clear merchandising effort. The series wasn't popular in its home market, but attained cult status in Brazil.[citation needed]
In 1976, the Swedish band ABBA shot some ads promoting National. They were broadcast in Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan.
In the 1980s a promotion was made in Japan for National TV, using the cat "Chatran" also known as "Milo" on the Columbia Pictures movie release "The Adventures Of Milo & Otis" (Koneko Monogatari). The commercial features some segments of the movie, then shows "Chatran"/"Milo" with a human companion.
National was formerly the premier brand on most Matsushita products, including audio and video and was often combined as "National Panasonic" after the worldwide success of the Panasonic name.
After 1980 in Europe, and after 1989 in Australia & New Zealand, Matsushita ceased the usage of "National", and sold audiovisual products exclusively under the Panasonic and Technics nameplates. Perhaps due to trademark issues, Matsushita never officially used the National name in the United States, except for early imported products, but rice cookers bearing the National name, imported from Japan, can be found at many ethnic Asian markets in the United States.
National is well-known throughout Asia as a reputable manufacturer of domestic appliances, such as rice cookers and electric fans. In 2004, the "National" brand was gradually phased out in Asia, the last market it was used in, with most products being rebadged under the "Panasonic" brand due to trademark restrictions with other companies worldwide containing "National" in their name and Matsushita's desire to unify their businesses under the Panasonic name for greater recognition.
Due to its historical significance and recognition in Matsushita's native Japan, non-audiovisual Matsushita products (mostly home appliances or White goods) were branded "National" until September 2008. As of October 1, 2008, Matsushita changed its company name to Panasonic Corporation. Non-audiovisual products used be branded "National" in Japan are currently marketed under the "Panasonic" brand.
Neither National Semiconductor nor National Car Rental are related to Panasonic or the "National" brand.
National bicycles were imported into the United States under the Panasonic label. The brand was known for producing high quality cycles at a relatively low price, as the result of a very high degree of factory automation and a resultingly low labor force with attendant savings in salaries and benefits. One of their models featured the unusual Shimano front freewheel system.
Advertising campaigns
In 1960, National launched a tokusatsu series called National Kid, in a clear merchandising effort. The series wasn't popular in its home market, but attained cult status in Brazil.[citation needed]
In 1976, the Swedish band ABBA shot some ads promoting National. They were broadcast in Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Japan.
In the 1980s a promotion was made in Japan for National TV, using the cat "Chatran" also known as "Milo" on the Columbia Pictures movie release "The Adventures Of Milo & Otis" (Koneko Monogatari). The commercial features some segments of the movie, then shows "Chatran"/"Milo" with a human companion.
Small appliance
Small appliance refers to a class of home appliances that are portable or semi-portable or which are used on tabletops, countertops, or other platforms. Such items are contrasted with major appliances, which are typically fixtures that cannot be easily moved. All appliances are intended to perform, enable, or assist in performing a job or changing a status, such as the humidity of a room. In this way, they can be differentiated from other portable electrical items that provide only entertainment. Some items not typically considered appliances, such as lamps, can be used as appliances if they are used to cook or warm food.
Many small appliances are powered by electricity. The appliance may use a permanently attached cord which is plugged into a wall outlet or a detachable cord. The appliance may have a cord storage feature. A few hand-held appliances use batteries, which may be disposable or rechargeable. Some appliances consist of an electrical motor upon which is mounted various attachments so as to constitute several individual appliances, such as a blender, a food processor, or a juicer. Many stand mixers, while functioning primarily as a mixer, have attachments which can perform additional functions.
A few gas-powered appliances exist for use in situations where electricity is not expected to be available, but these are typically larger and not as portable as most small appliances. Items that perform the same function as small appliances but are hand powered are generally referred to as tools or gadgets, for example a hand-powered meat grinder.
Some small appliances perform the same or similar function as their larger counterparts. For example, a toaster oven is a small appliance that performs a similar function as an oven. Small appliances often have a home version and a commercial version. The commercial, or industrial, version is designed to be used nearly continuously in a restaurant or other similar setting. Commercial appliances are typically connected to a more powerful electrical outlet, are larger and stronger, have more user-serviceable parts, and cost significantly more.
Small appliances can be very inexpensive, such as a basic can opener or coffee maker which may cost only a few U.S. dollars, or very expensive, such as an elaborate espresso maker, which may cost several thousand U.S. dollars. Most homes contain several cheaper home appliances, with perhaps a few more expensive appliances, such as a high-end microwave oven or mixer.
Small appliances which are defective or improperly used or maintained may cause house fires and other property damage, or may harbor bacteria if not properly cleaned. It is important that users read the instructions carefully and that appliances that use a grounded cord be attached to a grounded outlet. Because of the risk of fire, some appliances have a short detachable cord that is connected to the appliance magnetically. If the appliance is moved further than the cord length from the wall, the cord will detach from the appliance.
订阅：
博文 (Atom)